Additionally, and the same as with all prostate cancer diagnoses, the largest proportion of those diagnosed are African American males. Early-onset prostate cancer is currently being investigated in order to better understand this group and their case presentations. Typically, those who are diagnosed at a younger age have been found to possess more genetic variants , or mutations that can contribute to cancer. These individuals also typically have a familial history of the condition, with the greatest risk in those who have one or more close relative with early-onset prostate cancer.
Findings like these suggest that early-onset prostate cancer is tied more to genetic factors that to environmental factors , such as smoking or diet. General findings for those with high grade or stage early-onset prostate cancer trend towards a higher cause-specific mortality than their older counterparts. This means that individuals with aggressive early-onset prostate cancer are typically more likely to die from prostate cancer.
This could be because they are less likely to die from conditions more present in older men. For example, a male at age 90 might have a heart condition in addition to his prostate cancer that may threaten his life more than a slow-spreading cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate for those with early-onset prostate cancer is still very high, estimated to be 98 percent. However, this number is still lower than the nearly percent five-year survival rate for slightly older men.
The only men who show comparable survival rates under percent are men ages 80 and older, who, as mentioned previously, may also be dying of causes other than prostate cancer. Fortunately, the large majority of early-onset prostate cancer cases are local or low-grade.
Even those whose cancer is found when it has spread beyond the prostate are typically lower in grade overall for younger men. Another advantage in this group is that there are typically more treatment options. For this reason, younger individuals with a Gleason score of have a higher survival rate than older men with this same classification.
Although the risk of cancer-specific death is higher for younger men, when their cancer is lower in grade and more local they have a better response to treatment than older men with the same cancer characteristics. When it comes to long term survivorship, because many sources recommend initiating treatment immediately for this population instead of taking the watch and wait approach that is common in older men, there can be a higher risk of long term side effects.
In turn, the burden of these side effects is often greater for younger men who may not be mentally prepared for ED and other quality of life impacts while still in their prime. Regardless of age, prostate cancer often starts without warning signs until it has advanced further.
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Call Your Risk for Prostate Cancer The greatest risk factors for developing prostate cancer are increasing age, family history, ethnicity, and diet. I am older than 50 I have a family history of prostate cancer I am African-American If you answered yes to any of these, then you may be at higher risk of prostate cancer. Age The risk of prostate cancer grows significantly as men grow older. Family History Some men have a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer.
Race For reasons that remain unclear, African-American men are 1. Diet Diet is a serious risk factor. Other Risk Factors Obesity may be associated with a very slight increase in the risk of getting prostate cancer.
More Resources Learn: Webinars and Videos. Get Patient Support. ZERO offers free, comprehensive support for prostate cancer patients. If you have mixed black ethnicity, you are likely to be at higher risk of prostate cancer than a white man.
If you're a black man and you're over 45, speak to your GP about your risk of prostate cancer, even if you don't have any symptoms. Remember to tell them if you have a family history of prostate cancer or breast cancer.
You can also contact our Specialist Nurses. Read more about the risk in black men and the research we are funding to find out why black men are at higher risk. Eating healthily and keeping active can help you stay a healthy weight. Read more about diet, physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Obesity and Prostate Cancer: Weighing the Evidence. Eur Urol. Clin Cancer Res. Prostate cancer incidence statistics: Prostate cancer incidence by age [Internet].
Cancer incidence for common cancers [Internet]. Cancer Prev Res Phila Pa. Genetic markers a landscape in prostate cancer. Mutat Res Mutat Res. Body mass index and incidence of localized and advanced prostate cancer--a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol. The genetic epidemiology of prostate cancer and its clinical implications. Nat Rev Urol. Prospective study on metabolic factors and risk of prostate cancer: Metabolic Factors and Prostate Cancer.
Update on prostate cancer in black men within the UK. Ethnic differences in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. Little J, editor. Oncotarget [Internet]. Lifetime risk of being diagnosed with, or dying from, prostate cancer by major ethnic group in England — BMC Med [Internet].
Tall height and obesity are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the EPIC cohort study. Prostate Cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol.
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