In contrast, people with social phobia are not necessarily shy at all, but can be completely at ease with some people most of the time. Social phobia is diagnosed when the fear or avoidance significantly interferes with normal, routines, or is excessively upsetting. Social phobia disrupts normal life, interfering with career or social relationships. It often runs in families and may be happen along with depression or alcoholism. Social phobia often starts in early adolescence or even younger.
People with social phobia often find relief when treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy, medicine, or a mix of both. Agoraphobia involves the fear of having a panic attack in a place or situation from which escape may be hard or embarrassing.
The anxiety of agoraphobia is so severe that panic attacks are not unusual. People with agoraphobia often try to avoid the location or cause of their fear. Agoraphobia involves fear of situations like the following:. People with agoraphobia typically avoid crowded places like streets, crowded stores, churches, and theaters.
Most people with agoraphobia get it after first suffering a series of panic attacks. The attacks happen randomly and without warning, and make it impossible for a person to predict what will trigger the reaction. This unpredictability of the panic causes the person to anticipate future panic attacks and, eventually, fear any situation in which an attack may happen.
As a result, they avoid going into any place or situation where previous panic attacks have happened. People with the disorder often become so disabled that they literally feel they cannot leave their homes. Others who have agoraphobia, do go into potentially "phobic" situations, but only with great distress, or when accompanied by a trusted friend or family member. People with agoraphobia may also have depression, fatigue, tension, alcohol or drug abuse problems, and obsessive disorders, making treatment crucial.
Join psychiatrist and former public school teacher Hal Kronsberg, M. EDT, as he discusses the signs of anxiety that children may be feeling about returning to school after a tumultuous year of virtual learning. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. Who is affected by phobias? A social phobia can be so severe that the simplest interactions, such as ordering at a restaurant or answering the telephone, can cause panic.
People with social phobia often go out of their way to avoid public situations. Many people dislike certain situations or objects, but to be a true phobia, the fear must interfere with daily life.
Here are a few more of the most common ones:. Glossophobia: This is known as performance anxiety, or the fear of speaking in front of an audience. People with this phobia have severe physical symptoms when they even think about being in front of a group of people. Glossophobia treatments can include either therapy or medication.
Acrophobia: This is the fear of heights. People with this phobia avoid mountains, bridges, or the higher floors of buildings. Claustrophobia: This is a fear of enclosed or tight spaces. Severe claustrophobia can be especially disabling if it prevents you from riding in cars or elevators. Learn more about claustrophobia, from additional symptoms to treatment options. Aviophobia: This is also known as the fear of flying.
Dentophobia: Dentophobia is a fear of the dentist or dental procedures. It can be harmful if it prevents you from obtaining needed dental care. Hemophobia: This is a phobia of blood or injury. Nyctophobia : This phobia is a fear of the nighttime or darkness.
It almost always begins as a typical childhood fear. People with a genetic predisposition to anxiety may be at high risk of developing a phobia.
Age, socioeconomic status, and gender seem to be risk factors only for certain phobias. For example, women are more likely to have animal phobias. Children or people with a low socioeconomic status are more likely to have social phobias. Men make up the majority of those with dentist and doctor phobias. The most common and disabling symptom of a phobia is a panic attack.
Features of a panic attack include:. Treatment for phobias can involve therapeutic techniques, medications, or a combination of both. Cognitive behavioral therapy CBT is the most commonly used therapeutic treatment for phobias. Murphy GE The clinical management of hysteria.
JAMA — Download references. Boyd, D. Rae, K. Bourdon, B. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Reprints and Permissions. Boyd, J. Phobia: prevalence and risk factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 25, — Download citation. Accepted : 25 June Issue Date : November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. References 1. Psychopharmacol Bull 85—90 Google Scholar 7.
Arch Gen Psychiatry — Google Scholar 8. Br J Psychiatry — Google Scholar 9. Br J Psychiatry — Google Scholar Arch Gen Psychiatry — Google Scholar Arch Gen Psychiatry 51—59 Google Scholar J Clin Psychopharmacol 2: — Google Scholar Compr Psychiatry — Google Scholar Am J Psychiatry — Google Scholar J Abnorm Psychol — Google Scholar Soc Psychiatry 31—41 Google Scholar
0コメント