Which sampling method is based on probability

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Login into Examveda with Login with Facebook. Which of the following sampling methods is based on probability. Which of the following sampling methods is based on probability? Convenience sampling B. Quota sampling C. For a sampling method to be considered probability sampling, it must utilize some form of random selection. In other words, researchers must set up some process or procedure that ensures, with confidence, that the different units in their sample population have equal probabilities of being chosen.

For example, if a researcher is dealing with a population of people, each person in the population would have the odds of 1 out of for being chosen.

This differs from non-probability sampling, in which each member of the population would not have the same odds of being selected. Remember the times in grade school that your class pulled a name out of a hat in order to determine who would give their presentation first? However, researchers today tend to use computers as the primary mechanism for generating random numbers used in random selection. Probability sampling allows researchers to create a sample that is accurately representative of the real-life population of interest.

There are several types of probability sampling. Below we explain the basics of each, and address their advantages and disadvantages.

To perform simple random sampling, all a researcher must do is ensure that all members of the population are included in a master list, and that subjects are then selected randomly from this master list. While simple random sampling creates samples that are highly representative of the population, it can be time consuming and tedious when creating large samples.

In stratified random sampling, the subjects are initially grouped into different classifications such as gender, level of education, or socioeconomic status. From here, researchers randomly select the final list of subjects from the different defined categories to ensure a well rounded sample. Similar to a convenience sample, a voluntary response sample is mainly based on ease of access. Instead of the researcher choosing participants and directly contacting them, people volunteer themselves e.

Voluntary response samples are always at least somewhat biased, as some people will inherently be more likely to volunteer than others. You send out the survey to all students at your university and a lot of students decide to complete it. This type of sampling, also known as judgement sampling, involves the researcher using their expertise to select a sample that is most useful to the purposes of the research.

It is often used in qualitative research , where the researcher wants to gain detailed knowledge about a specific phenomenon rather than make statistical inferences, or where the population is very small and specific. An effective purposive sample must have clear criteria and rationale for inclusion. You want to know more about the opinions and experiences of disabled students at your university, so you purposefully select a number of students with different support needs in order to gather a varied range of data on their experiences with student services.

If the population is hard to access, snowball sampling can be used to recruit participants via other participants. You are researching experiences of homelessness in your city. You meet one person who agrees to participate in the research, and she puts you in contact with other homeless people that she knows in the area. A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population. Sampling means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research.

For example, if you are researching the opinions of students in your university, you could survey a sample of students. In statistics, sampling allows you to test a hypothesis about the characteristics of a population.

Samples are used to make inferences about populations. Samples are easier to collect data from because they are practical, cost-effective, convenient and manageable. Probability sampling means that every member of the target population has a known chance of being included in the sample.

Probability sampling methods include simple random sampling , systematic sampling , stratified sampling , and cluster sampling. In non-probability sampling , the sample is selected based on non-random criteria, and not every member of the population has a chance of being included.

Common non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, voluntary response sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. In multistage sampling , or multistage cluster sampling, you draw a sample from a population using smaller and smaller groups at each stage. This method is often used to collect data from a large, geographically spread group of people in national surveys, for example.

You take advantage of hierarchical groupings e. Sampling bias occurs when some members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than others. Have a language expert improve your writing. Check your paper for plagiarism in 10 minutes. Do the check. Generate your APA citations for free! Judgment sampling It is a common nonprobability method. The researcher selects the sample based on judgment.

This is usually an extension of convenience sampling. For example, a researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even though the population includes all cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population. Convenience sampling It is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth.

As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient. This nonprobability method is often used during preliminary research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time required to select a random sample. Quota Sample In quota sampling, the population is categorized into several strata which consist of the expected size, and the samples are considered to be important for the population they represent.

The advantages of quota samples are that it involves a short time duration, is less costly, and gives moderate representation to a heterogeneous population. Get Started for Free Download App. More Sample Questions Q1. How is stratified sampling carried out?

Which one of the following random sampling techniques become more appropriate for homogeneous population groups? From the following, identify those which are called non-probability sampling procedures: a Systematic sampling b Quota sampling c Stratified sampling d Purposive sampling e Snowball sampling Choose the correct answer from the options given below:. A college teacher intends to study the problems of latecomers in the classroom.

Which type of sampling method will be appropriate in this context? Which of the following sampling methods in research are non - probability based? Cluster sampling method B. Dimensional sampling method C.

Random sampling method D.