Side effects are hypotension, bronchospasm, chest discomfort the drug will cause a temporary pause. Side effects are bradycardia, hypotension, torsades de pointes. Amiodarone can be used in refractory Vfib, hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach, or polymorphic Vtach with normal QT interval. Dose for Vfib is mg IV, second dose mg. For Vtach the dose is mg IV and repeat if necessary. Side effects are bradycardia, hypotension and phlebitis. Sotalol can be used in hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach.
Dose is 1. Lidocaine can used for hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach. Initial dose is Side effects are slurred speech, altered levels of consciousness, seizures and bradycardia. Magnesium can be used for polymorphic Vtach associated with QT prolongation, also called torsades de pointes. Dose is mg IV over 15 minutes. Side effects are hypotension, CNS toxicity, respiratory depression.
Follow levels and watch closely with concomitant renal dysfunction. Vtach response to therapy depends on underlying etiology. Key to treatment past antiarrhythmics and electricity will be identifying possible causes defined in pathophysiology section. If front-line arrhythmia therapy fails or clinical situation deteriorates, reconsider diagnosis.
Reevaluate EKG, clinical history and presentation. Seek expert help. The vast majority of adult cardiac arrests from Vfib and pulseless Vtach are secondary to myocardial ischemia, around , people per year. These arrhythmias are the most common cause of death in acute myocardial infarction. Primary Vfib not associated with an MI needs evaluation by an electrophysiologist. Vtach occurs in areas of scar from prior MI, the risk of development depending on severity of myocardial necrosis, LV dysfunction and the degree of septal involvement.
Thus stable Vtach is more likely from an arrhythmogenic focus in an old scar. Therapy should be focused on underlying hypoxia, electrolytes, etc. Other possible causes of monomorphic Vtach include: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, RV dysplasia, drug toxicity and electrolyte abnormalities. Polymorphic Vtach in the setting of a normal QT is usually secondary to acute coronary ischemia or myocardial infarction. Outside of congenital syndromes such as long QT syndrome, polymorphic Vtach from prolonged QT occurs most frequently following exposure to a QT-prolonging drug.
Such conditions are known as Heart arrhythmia. Ventricular Tachycardia is a medical condition wherein the electrical impulses produced in the SA node are substituted by an ectopic pacemaker. This condition can also result due to intake of recreation medical drugs.
Vfib is the most serious arrhythmia and is an uncontrolled, irregular heartbeat. Instead of one missed heart beat from the ventricles, individual experiences several impulses that start simultaneously from different places — all commanding the heart to beat. Ventricular Fibrillation is a condition where the electrical impulse conducting system functions in a haphazard manner. There is no coordination between the contraction activity, that triggers irregular rhythms in irregular time intervals.
Here, rate and rhythm both get impacted unlike in tachycardia. Ventricular Fibrillation is a serious medical disease which if not treated immediately after it is diagnosed, leads to death. Ventricular Tachycardia is a medical condition which is associated with the hearts irregular electrical impulses.
Such a condition arises mostly in people having valvular hear disease. Ventricular fibrillation VFib is a medical condition in which the heart beats in an abnormal rhythm. The lower heart chambers show quivering activity and the heart is unable to pump any blood, leading to cardiac arrest.
Vfib is an emergency condition that is triggered by a heart attack. The exact factor causing ventricular tachycardia is actually unknown. This abnormal rhythm happens most often in people with heart disease or a prior heart attack. It may also occur due to electrolyte problems such as high or low potassium levels or, rarely, in otherwise normal hearts. Ventricular fibrillation may also cause sudden cardiac arrest and lead to death if not treated immediately.
The best way to prevent ventricular tachycardia is to treat or eliminate risk factors that may lead to heart disease. If you already have heart disease, follow your treatment plan and a heart-healthy lifestyle. Ventricular tachycardia care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Ventricular tachycardia heartbeat Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Ventricular tachycardia heartbeat In ventricular tachycardia, an abnormal electrical impulse originating in the lower chambers of the heart ventricles causes the heart to beat faster. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.
Normal heartbeat Open pop-up dialog box Close. Normal heartbeat In a normal heart rhythm, a cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. Share on: Facebook Twitter.
Show references What is an arrhythmia? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Accessed March 3, Tachycardia — Fast heart rate. American Heart Association. This is a type of ultrasound test that utilizes high-pitched sound waves sent through a transducer, a wand-like device that is held on the chest. The transducer picks up echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off different parts of the heart.
The data appears on a video screen, where the doctor can see the heart as it moves. This test can help a doctor identify underlying structural heart disease. The catheter usually enters the body at the groin or arm.
A dye is injected through the catheter into the arteries. This dye stands out on images created by an X-ray and helps doctors detect coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease happens when arteries to the heart have narrowed. These imaging tests can measure ejection fraction as well as the heart arteries and valves.
They can also determine whether the patient had a heart attack and detect unusual causes of heart failure. If a physician determines that the ventricular fibrillation results from scar tissue due to a heart attack, or some structural defect in the heart, medications and medical procedures may be recommended to minimize the risk of VFib happening again.
The following may be recommended:. Beta blockers are commonly used to prevent sudden cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation. Examples include metoprolol, propranolol, timolol, and atenolol. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors ease the workload of the heart by opening up blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. They may also protect the heart from further damage. A blood test will be necessary to make sure the kidneys are working properly before starting on this type of medication.
About 10 days after starting treatment, there will be further tests to make sure the kidneys are still working properly. Over a period of about 3 weeks, the dose gradually increases. Examples of ACE inhibitors include lisinopril, perindopril and ramipril. Amiodarone Cordarone or calcium channel blockers may also be prescribed.
This device is placed inside the body. It is designed to recognize certain types of arrhythmias, or abnormal heart rhythms, and correct them by emitting electric shocks to reset the heart to a normal rhythm. Angioplasty opens up the coronary artery.
There is a small balloon, shaped like a sausage, at the end of the wire. The balloon is placed at the narrowest part of the artery and is then inflated, squashing the clot away. A flexible metal mesh, called a stent, is then placed there to keep that part of the artery open. The damaged blood vessel is by-passed with grafts taken from blood vessels elsewhere in the body.
The bypass effectively goes around the blocked area of the artery, allowing blood to pass through into the heart muscle. If blood supply to the heart is improved, the risk of ventricular fibrillation goes down. Catheters are inserted through a vein, usually in the groin, and threaded to the heart, to correct structural heart problems that cause an arrhythmia.
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